Debate Over Newborn Hepatitis B Vaccine Recommendation Intensifies

Thu Dec 04 2025 10:28:19 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)

A federal vaccine advisory committee will discuss potentially changing the long-standing recommendation to administer the hepatitis B vaccine to newborns within 24 hours of birth. Experts and advocates voice their concerns over the implications of such a decision.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices is set to review the recommendation for administering the hepatitis B vaccine to newborns, a change that could reverse decades of public health policy. While Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s newly appointed committee has raised concerns, health experts warn of increased risks for infants if vaccination rates drop.

NEW YORK — A federal vaccine advisory committee this week is expected to discuss potentially changing the recommendation that newborns receive the hepatitis B vaccine within the first day of life—a vaccine touted as a critical preventive measure against liver cancer.

The current guidance, set by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), has long been accepted as vital for protecting infants. However, Secretary of Health Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has appointed a new panel, which has sparked a controversial debate surrounding the vaccine's importance.

While the ACIP has traditionally recommended immediate vaccination to curb the transmission of hepatitis B, there are questions emerging from the committee about the necessity of administering the shot so early. Experts from the American Academy of Pediatrics, however, continue to affirm the vaccine's life-saving potential. It’s a proven method for preventing chronic infection, said Dr. Sean O’Leary.

The hepatitis B virus can result in acute liver disease among newborns, with up to 90% experiencing chronic symptoms if infected at birth. The CDC estimates around 2.4 million people in the U.S. live with the virus, yet many remain unaware of their condition.

Historically, the committee's recommendations have been heeded by healthcare providers, contributing to a significant reduction in pediatric hepatitis B cases—a decline from approximately 18,000 cases annually in the early 1990s to around 2,200 today. New data from health researchers emphasize the importance of maintaining the birth dose to prevent potential infections and fatalities.

During September's meeting, the committee postponed a vote but is now expected to further evaluate the vaccine's administration during Thursday's discussion. Experts warn that delaying the shot could result in thousands of new hepatitis B infections and even deaths among infants, further complicating public health efforts. Critics, including U.S. Senator Patty Murray, urge immediate action to maintain the current vaccination guidelines, arguing that any regression could have dire consequences for newborns across the nation.