Pope Appoints First Chinese Bishop in Era of Renewed Vatican-China Relations

Bishop Joseph Lin Yuntuan's appointment marks a significant step in enhancing relations and recognizes the delicate balance between state and church authority in China.

Pope Leo XIV has made history by appointing his first Chinese bishop, a move that underscores the Vatican's intention to uphold a groundbreaking agreement established with China in 2018. The selection of Fuzhou Auxiliary Bishop Joseph Lin Yuntuan is viewed as a reinforcement of this accord, which aims to bolster communications between the Holy See and the Chinese government.

Both the Vatican and Beijing have lauded this appointment, interpreting it as a reaffirmation of commitment to their ongoing dialogue. Under the terms of the 2018 deal, Chinese authorities were granted a degree of input regarding bishops’ appointments, although the specifics of the agreement have never been publicly disclosed.

In China, the state enforces that only state-sanctioned bishops can be appointed, which conflicts with the Vatican’s stance that such decisions should remain exclusively with the Pope. The nation is home to approximately 10 million Catholics, who often find themselves caught between attending government-approved churches or practicing their faith in clandestine groups loyal to the Vatican.

In a statement, the Vatican expressed that Yuntuan's ministry is "recognized" by Chinese law, reflecting the ongoing dialogue between the two entities and marking a progressive step for the diocese. Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Lin Jian highlighted the seamless implementation of the 2018 agreement, indicating China's readiness to further improve partnerships with the Vatican.

Experts like Michel Chambon, a research fellow specializing in the Catholic Church, have noted the significance of the Pope's actions, suggesting that they showcase a desire for reconciliation rather than conflict. The Vatican previously recognized seven bishops appointed by China as part of their agreement in September 2018.

The history of relations between China and the Holy See dates back to 1951, when diplomatic ties were severed. Following years of repression, particularly during Mao Zedong's regime, Catholics have gradually returned to public worship since the 1980s, adhering to increasingly permitted religious practices.